---
title: "References"
date: 2026-10-01
description: "Aristotle, The Nicomachean Ethics. Trans. Harris Rackham. United Kingdom, W. Heinemann, 1926. Bodnar, Matt. “Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi—The Greatest Unanswered Question in Psychology Today.” The Science of Success podcast. Nov 7, 2019...."
canonical_url: https://idratherbewriting.com/smartphones/references
---

> For AI agents: a documentation index is available at https://idratherbewriting.com/llms.txt. Markdown versions of all pages are available by appending .md to any page URL.

# References

Aristotle, *The Nicomachean Ethics.* Trans. Harris Rackham. United Kingdom, W. Heinemann, 1926.

Bodnar, Matt. “Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi—The Greatest Unanswered Question in Psychology Today.” *The Science of Success podcast.* Nov 7, 2019. [https://tinyurl.com/szdad475](https://tinyurl.com/szdad475)

Carr, Nicholas. “Is Google Making Us Stupid?” *The Atlantic.* July 2008. [https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2008/07/is-google-making-us-stupid/306868/](https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2008/07/is-google-making-us-stupid/306868/)

Carr, Nicholas. “The Shallows: tenth anniversary edition.” *Rough Type.* 28 Jan 2020. [https://www.roughtype.com/?p=8755](https://www.roughtype.com/?p=8755)

Carr, Nicholas. *The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains.* WW Norton & Company, 2010.

Cowan, John W. “Why there are so few worth talking to.” Amazon review. 3 Jan 2017. [https://tinyurl.com/yc5d97cn](https://tinyurl.com/yc5d97cn)

Crawford, Matthew B. *The World Beyond Your Head: On Becoming an Individual in an Age of Distraction.* Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2015.

Crawford, Matthew B. *Why We Drive: Toward a Philosophy of the Open Road.* HarperCollins, 2020.

Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly. *Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience.* New York: Harper & Row, 1990.

Dobelli, Rolf. *Stop Reading the News: A Manifesto for a Happier, Calmer and Wiser Life.* Hachette UK, 2020.

Doyle, Bob. “Fight Club & Nietzsche: Overcoming Emasculation.” YouTube. Sep 26, 2020. [https://youtu.be/NpxHFNvlUmU](https://youtu.be/NpxHFNvlUmU)

Duke, Kristen, et al. “Having Your Smartphone Nearby Takes a Toll on Your Thinking.” *Harvard Business Review* (2018). [https://hbr.org/2018/03/having-your-smartphone-nearby-takes-a-toll-on-your-thinking](https://hbr.org/2018/03/having-your-smartphone-nearby-takes-a-toll-on-your-thinking)

Firth, Joseph, et al. “The ‘online brain’: how the Internet may be changing our cognition.” *World Psychiatry* 18.2 (2019): 119-129. [https://tinyurl.com/364ddzas](https://tinyurl.com/364ddzas)

Foer, Jonathan Safran. “Technology is diminishing us.” *The Guardian*.” 3 Dec 2016. [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/dec/03/jonathan-safran-foer-technology-diminishing-us](https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/dec/03/jonathan-safran-foer-technology-diminishing-us).

Hallowell, Edward M., and John J. Ratey. *ADHD 2.0: New Science and Essential Strategies for Thriving with Distraction—from Childhood through Adulthood.* Ballantine Books, 2022.

Hari, Johann. *Stolen Focus: Why You Can’t Pay Attention—and How to Think Deeply Again.* Crown, 2022.

“How Social Media is Destroying Society.” *Common Knowledge* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJ9oEi3Yyg0. 3 Nov 2020.

Jaynes, Julian. *The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind.* Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1990.

Johnson, Steven. “A.I. Is Mastering Language. Should We Trust What It Says?” *The New York Times.* 15 Apr 2022. [https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/15/magazine/ai-language.html](https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/15/magazine/ai-language.html).

Johnson, Tom. “Review of Peter Norton’s *Autonorama: The Illusory Promise of High-Tech Driving.*” I’d Rather Be Writing. Apr 25, 2022. [https://idbwrtng.com/autonoramareview](https://idbwrtng.com/autonoramareview)

Johnson, Tom. Obituary for my dad — David Tait Johnson, 1935 - 2018. idratherbewriting.com. Dec 26, 2018. idbwrtng.com/dadobituary

Kelly, Kevin. *What Technology Wants.* Penguin, 2011.

Kilday, Bill. *Never lost again: The Google mapping revolution that sparked new industries and augmented our reality.* HarperCollins, 2018.

Krinnock, Jeff and Matt Hoff. *May I Ask a Technical Question? Questions about digital reliability each of us should ask.* 2016 Jeff Krinnock and Matt Hoff.

Kunstler, James Howard. *Geography of Nowhere: The rise and decline of America’s man-made landscape.* Simon and Schuster, 1994.

Levitin, Daniel J. “Why the modern world is bad for your brain.” *The Guardian* 18 (2015). [https://hbr.org/2018/03/having-your-smartphone-nearby-takes-a-toll-on-your-thinking](https://hbr.org/2018/03/having-your-smartphone-nearby-takes-a-toll-on-your-thinking)

Marx, Paris. *Road to Nowhere: What Silicon Valley Gets Wrong about the Future of Transportation.* Verso Books, 2022.

MTA Cooperative Group. “A 14-month randomized clinical trial of treatment strategies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.” *Archives of General Psychiatry* 56.12 (1999): 1073-1086. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10591283/](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10591283/)

Newport, Cal. *Deep work: Rules for focused success in a distracted world.* Hachette UK, 2016.

Newport, Cal. *Digital Minimalism: Choosing a focused life in a noisy world.* Penguin, 2019.

Nguyen, Jennimai. “I’m Gen Z, and I ditched my iPhone for the Light Phone II for a week.” 13 Dec 2021. [https://mashable.com/review/light-phone-two](https://mashable.com/review/light-phone-two)

Norvid, Peter. “If you’re stupid, it’s not Google’s fault.” Reuters.com. [https://tinyurl.com/4eysw8dk](https://tinyurl.com/4eysw8dk)

O’Connor, M. R. *Wayfinding: The Science and Mystery of How Humans Navigate the World*. St. Martin’s Press, 2019.

Oliver, Mary. *Upstream: selected essays.* Penguin, 2019.

Pizarro, David and Tamler Sommers. “Episode 239: Lose Yourself.” *Very Bad Wizards.* June 21, 2022. [https://www.verybadwizards.com/239](https://www.verybadwizards.com/239)

Senge, Peter M. *The Fifth Discipline: The art and practice of the learning organization.* Crown Business, 2006.

Sharif, Marissa A., Cassie Mogilner, and Hal E. Hershfield. “Having too little or too much time is linked to lower subjective well-being.” *Journal of Personality and Social Psychology* (2021). [https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/psp-pspp0000391.pdf](https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/releases/psp-pspp0000391.pdf)

Speck, Jeff. *Walkable City: How Downtown Can Save America, One Step at a Time.* Macmillan, 2013.

Steimer, Sarah. “Scholar inspired leaders, colleagues and students in his exploration of optimal and positive experiences.” *UChicago News.* Oct 28, 2021. [https://tinyurl.com/3jxb662y](https://tinyurl.com/3jxb662y)

Streets, Annabel. *52 Ways to Walk: The Surprising Science of Walking for Wellness and Joy, One Week at a Time.* Random House. 2022

Thoreau, Henry David. *Walking.* 2010 Cricket House Books edition. Originally published in The Atlantic in 1862.

Torres-Acosta, Noel, et al. “Cardiovascular effects of ADHD therapies: JACC review topic of the week.”*Journal of the American College of Cardiology* 76.7 (2020): 858-866. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32792083/](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32792083/)

Vadukul, Alex. “‘Luddite’ Teens Don’t Want Your Likes.”*The New York Times.* 15 Dec 2022. [https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/15/style/teens-social-media.html](https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/15/style/teens-social-media.html)

Whitehead, Brian. “Why am I suddenly listening to classical music more often?” *Quora*. 11 Dec 2016. [https://qr.ae/prGmZc](https://qr.ae/prGmZc)

Williams, David B. *Seattle Walks: Discovering History and Nature in the City.* University of Washington Press, 2017.

Williams, James. *Stand Out of Our Light: Freedom and Resistance in the Attention Economy.* Cambridge University Press, 2018.

Wilmer, Henry H., Lauren E. Sherman, and Jason M. Chein. “Smartphones and cognition: A review of research exploring the links between mobile technology habits and cognitive functioning.” *Frontiers in Psychology* 8 (2017): 605. [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00605/full](https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00605/full)

“Your Brain on Books: 10 Things That Happen to Our Minds When We Read.” *Open Education Database.* Retrieved Oct 23, 2022. [https://tinyurl.com/5n92p9w4](https://tinyurl.com/5n92p9w4)